Figure 3the summary of various types of microwave tube families. You will learn in detail what each of these means in the chapters to come. It is used to produce highpower radio frequency signals. Traveling wave tubes high voltage normal operating voltages are deadly. Types of travelling wave tubes performance applications. Traveling wave tube working fundamentals operations. The 677h is typical, weighing just under 2 3 4 kg and measuring 7 x 7 x 41 cm. A bandwidth of 1 octave is one in which the upper frequency is twice the lower frequency.
Its role in the history of wireless communications and in the space conquest is significant, but largely ignored, even though the device remains widely used nowadays. Offers detailed discussions of operating principles of helix and coupledcavity traveling wave tubes, descriptions of rf interactions of electrons with electric fields, and the basic theories of electron bunching and. The heated cathode at one end of the tube produces a beam of electrons and is attracted to the collector at the other end of the tube. Principles of traveling wave tubes artech house radar library a. Principles of traveling wave tubes artech house radar. It was invented by the brothers russell and sigurd varian at stanford university. The lefthand end of a long horizontal stretched cord oscillates transversely in shm with frequency f 250 hz and amplitude 2. Contents abstract 8 declaration 9 intellectual property statement 10 acknowledgements 12. Pdf transient ion disturbances in traveling wave tubes. Minenna,1,2,3, fr ed eric andr e,3 yves elskens,2 jeanfran. The problem of a helixtype travelingwave amplifier tube, under certain. The twt, because of its construction and working principle has enormous bandwidths and low noise. The phase velocities of waves on this structure were measured under various conditions. Conventionally, this focusing has been accomplished by using a periodic permanent magnet system housing axially polarized ring magnets.
Patterns of electric field and rf charge for a helix reproduced by permission from. Electromagnetic waves are waves of the electromagnetic field. A contemporary study in the theory of travelingwave tubes by patrick patyeung wong a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy nuclear engineering and radiological sciences in the university of michigan 2018 doctoral committee. Micro wave tube principles 12 this document may not be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated, in any way, in whole or in part or disclosed to. Like the multicavity klystron, the traveling wave tube working is a linearbeam tube used as a microwave amplifier. The traveling wave tube can be used as a medium or high power microwave, amplifier. The travellingwave tube twt is a device wherein an electron beam interacts. Bunching takes place in the traveling wave tube working through a process that is a cross between those of the multicavity klystron and the magnetron. A microwave slowwave circuit that supports a traveling wave of electromagnetic energy with which the electron beam can interact. A traveling wave tube twt, pronounced twit or traveling wave tube amplifier twta, pronounced tweeta is a specialized vacuum tube that is used in electronics to amplify radio frequency rf signals in the microwave range. Radio technology, transmission and detection of communication signals consisting of electromagnetic waves that travel through the air in a straight line or by reflection from the ionosphere or from a communications satellite basic physical principles.
Travelling wave tube operation in order to design a helixtype traveling wave tube amplifier twta, it is necessary to understand the operating physics of a travelling wave tube twt. The equipment must be designed so the operator cannot come into contact with high voltages. Unlike the klystron, however, it is a device in which the interaction between the beam and the rf field is continuous. The twt belongs to a category of linear beam tubes, such as the klystron, in which the radio wave is amplified by absorbing power from a. For waves that always travel at the same speed like electromagnetic waves, the equation can be used to work out the. Traveling wave tube performance data travelingwave tubes are designed to emphasize particular inherent characteristics e. The klystron was the first significantly powerful source of radio waves in the microwave range. A twt integrated with a regulated power supply and protection circuits is referred to as a travelingwavetube amplifier abbreviated twta and often pronounced tweetuh. The traveling wave tube in the history of telecommunication damien f. The basics of travelling wave tube amplifiers scm01 roberto dionisio, claudio paoloni. The numerical simulations of the wave particle interaction, as it occurs in particular in traveling wave tubes, require new tools especially to investigate near the band edges of those devices. It is capable of gains greater than 40 db with bandwidths exceeding an octave.
Summary the goal of chapter 15 has been to learn the basic properties of traveling waves. Principles of traveling wave tubes artech house radar library 9780890067208 by a. Kompfner in 1943, and the principle of twt amplification was demonstrated by him at birmingham. Conventional traveling wave tubes are commonly referred to as slow wave electron tubes. Close agreement was obtained between the measurements made by moving a. A microwave slow wave circuit that supports a traveling wave of electromagnetic energy with which the electron beam can interact. The travelling wave tube is a new sort of tube which displayed considerable promise as a board band amplifier proposed by pierce and others in 1946. Travelling wave solutions university of manchester. An electron gun that products a high density electron beam. The travelingwave tube in the history of telecommunication. Discusses operating principles of helix and coupledactivity travelling wave tubes, descriptions of rf interactions of electrons with electric fields, and the.
Electromagnetic radiation includes light as well as radio waves, and the two have many properties in common. Klystrons, traveling wave tubes, magnetrons, crossedfield. The travelingwave tube twt is a highgain, lownoise, widebandwidth microwave amplifier. This chapter provides the basic description of the twta structure and its various components. Helix studies as mentioned in the last progress report, a largescale model of the helix used in the travelingwave tube was constructed. The second types of travelling wave tubes is the cw power traveling wave tube. This paper presents, albeit nonexhaustively, circumstances and contexts that led to its invention, and its part in the worldwide. The speed of a wave is related to both its frequency and wavelength. A contemporary study in the theory of travelingwave tubes by. It is represented by several of the entries in table 112 all those that produce watts or kilowatts of cw. Watson, principles of electron tubes, van nostrand.
Klystron, including the reflex and multicavity klystron multistage depressed collector msdc klystron inductive output tube iot traveling wave tube twt crossedfield tube coaxial magnetron gyrotron planar triode highfrequency tetrode. Gilmour, 9780890067208, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. The more we learn about waves, the more we learn about a lot of things in physics. A twt is capable of gains from 40 to 70 db with bandwidths exceeding two octaves. Offers detailed discussions of operating principles of helix and coupledcavity traveling wave tubes, descriptions of rf interactions of electrons with electric fields, and the basic theories of electron bunching and traveling wave interactions. Traveling wave tubes an overview sciencedirect topics. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. Twt as amplifier the travelling wave tube is an amplifier which makes use of a distributed interaction between an electron beam and travelling wave. Ropes can tell us a lot about how traveling waves work so. M waves and electrons, traveling with approximately the same velocity, exhibit a strong interaction. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to. Travelling wave solutions a dissertation submitted to the university of manchester for the degree of master of science in the faculty of science and engineering 2016 rami achouri school of mathematics.
Generally we display y either as a function of z or. Pdf new model of a travellingwave tube researchgate. Their prototype was completed and demonstrated successfully on august. Introduction the recently developed discrete model a. Gilmour jr and a great selection of similar new, used and collectible books available now at great prices. Travelling wave tube twt is an electronic vacuum microwave device, which is. Li brary of con gress cataloging in publication data a cata log rec ord for this book is avail able from the u. The travelingwave tube is a critical subsystem for satellite data transmission. New slow wave structures for travelling wave tubes spiral.
All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum, c 3. Kuznetsov discrete model is a promising tool to analyse devices such as traveling wave tubes twts beyond what is possible today with the well established pierce model4. Transient ion disturbances in traveling wave tubes. In this video, i have explained travelling wave tube with following topics. The components of a twt all twts possess four major subassemblies.
In pierces paper, the action of the field on the electron beam and the reaction of the beam back on the field were formulated. Introduction the analysis of travelingwave tubes as amplifiers has been carried out by j. A contemporary study in the theory of travelingwave tubes. Scm01 the basics of travelling wave tube amplifiers 14. Principles of traveling wave tubes artech house radar library. The travelingwave tube twt is a widely used amplifier in satellite communications and radar. In a traveling wave tube, the electron beam and the electromagnetic wave are travelling at approximately the same speed, and the energy interaction occurs between the beam and the wave. Highvoltage circuits and terminals must be enclosed, and interlocking switch circuits must be maintained so they open the primary circuits of the power. Travelling wave tube basics, working and applications twt.
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