A measure of overall severity and seven specific symptoms. The three selfassessment tools described in figure 1 are easy to use. Although postpartum depression is not uncommon among new mothers, it often goes undetected. For example, the committee opinion on screening for depression during and after pregnancy developed by the american congress of obstetricians and gynecologists 18 lists seven different teststhe edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, the postpartum depression screening scale pdss, the patient health questionnaire9 phq9, the beck.
This postpartum depression scale can be very helpful as postpartum depression is a serious mental illness that affects up to 1in8 new mothers. Use of the postpartum depression screening scale in a. Postpartum depression is a clinical depressive episode that occurs in % to 20% of women after birth or miscarriage. The purpose of the study was to analyse for the first time the validity of a slightly modified version of the portuguese postpartum depression screening scale pdss, to be used as a screening. Cpt current procedural terminology mds maternal depression screening seek safe environment for every kid columbia columbia depression scale mco managed care organization sbirt screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment epds edinburgh postnatal depression scale pdss postpartum depression screening scale. Depression screening agency for health research and quality. The signs and symptoms of depression include depressed.
The advantages to this screening are that it does into greater symptom detail and reduces somatic confounds. Because of the crosssectional study design, infant age at the time of the maternal interview was used to assign subjects to a postpartum group to assess the screening tools accuracy at different points in the postpartum year. Some studies have compared the psychometric properties of the epds and other screening scales. The research was conducted in the province of ankara between 15 june 2003 and 15 february 2004. However, only a small proportion of these women are identified. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno. The identification of postpartum depression ncbi nih.
The ppd screening tool was the pdss developed by beck and gable. It is not available for free online and must be purchased. Mothers who score above are likely to be suffering from a. Heres a link to the edinburgh postnatal depression screening scale epds from the mgh center for womens mental health site. Because it had not been tested beyond the immediate postpartum period, the reliability and validity of the postpartum depression screening scale pdss and its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for diagnoses of major depressive disorder mdd were assessed in a diverse community sample of 238 mothers of 4. This tool was chosen for ease of use and because phrases in the questions were taken from womens own words. Factor analysis of the prediction of the postpartum. Postpartum depression screening scale pdss patient health questionnaire phq9 for more indepth information, including algorithms and toolkits for various medical specialties, please visit our postpartum depression clinical tools page.
Postpartum depression scale, postpartum depression. This wapc position statement includes the rationale and plan for routine depression screening and treatment of pregnant and postpartum women by health care providers. The translation and validation of the postpartum depression screening scale pdss. Patient completes phq9 quick depression assessment. For the pdss, the optimal cutoff score was consistent with current guidelines for mdd.
Our study examined the use of the postpartum depression screening scale pdss in a high. The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to pdss postpartum depression screening scale. They take approximately 5 to 10 minutes to complete. With the postpartum depression screening scale pdss, clinicians can identify mothers suffering from postpartum depression early and easily. The scale indicates the severity of ppd symptoms and p ostpartum depression ppd is a common experience for approximately % of new mothers internationally gavin et al. Pdf the purpose of the study was to analyse for the first time the validity of a slightly modified version of the portuguese postpartum depression. For information on the validity of these screening tools, visit our scientific research page. Give each postpartum woman a screening tool to complete, in the form of. The many faces of postpartum depression cheryl tatano beck and pec indman objective. Also, heres info on the postpartum depression screening scale pdss. General depression screening tools have also been used to screen for ppd in new mothers.
Screening for prenatal and postpartum depression wisconsin association for perinatal care depression screening can improve health outcomes when combined with a system for treatment. Postpartum depression screening scale pdss, and devised the rules for classifying ppd using factor analysis based on the participants scores on the pdss questionnaires. And if untreated, it can adversely affect a mothers functioning as well as her infants development. To validate a postpartum depression screening scale pdss for screening postpartum depressive disorder in songkhla thai population, a screening test was conducted.
The prevalence of women with a positive screen for major postpartum depression in our study was 16%, which is consistent with other studies. A thai version of the pdss was developed using back translation and pretested on a prospective cohort of 400 postpartum women at 68. Identifies women who are at high risk for postpartum depression so that they can be referred for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Postpartum depression screening scale pdss healthy. Based on the bright futures periodicity schedule it is recommended that a maternal depression screening be completed during the 1 month, 2. At this time, no single screening tool is recommended by u. Postpartum depression screening scale pdss this 35 item selfreport designed specifically for postpartum use.
Click here for a link to a 2008 study published in pediatrics on the effectiveness of the epds3, a three question subset of the epds. Postpartum depression screening scale pdss the pdss is a 35item selfreport instrument that can be administered in 510 minutes. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression screening scale pdss women with a positive screening assessment require followup evaluation and potentially treatment. To provide a profile of women suffering from major postpartum depression as assessed by the postpartum depression screening scale pdss. In an effort to make this postpartum depression test easier for you to bring to your doctors visit, we have made it available in a pdf format that you can download. The postpartum depression screening scale pdss 62, 63 evolved from qualitative interviews to explore the maternal experience after childbirth. Pdss abbreviation stands for postpartum depression screening scale. Depression screening can improve health outcomes when combined with a system for treatment. This illness has potentially devastating consequences for. Total pdss scores indicate the overall severity of postpartum depressive symp. When the downs are depression, the mother needs treatment. In the best of circumstances, the child bearing period from conception through the first year of life prenatal through postpartum is fraught with ups and downs.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the accuracy of screening tools in detecting postpartum depression ppd. A secondary analysis conducted on a portion of the data collected from an earlier psychometric testing of the pdss. Depression is a potentially lifethreatening condition with a substantial impact on quality of life. Efficacy and safety of screening for postpartum depression. Medicaid policies for maternal depression screening mds. The statements can be read to women who have difficulty reading. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. Other validated screening tools include the center for epidemiologic studies of depression instrument cesd, the patient health questionnaire phq9, and the postpartum depression screening scale pdss. What is the abbreviation for postpartum depression screening scale. The edinburgh posnatal depression scale epds was the most common screening tool, used in 68% of the sample 15 articles, followed by the beck. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the postpartum depression screening scale pdss for the turkish population.
Screening for prenatal and postpartum depression valid screening tools are available. Development of postpartum depression screening scale. Yawn bp, pace w, wollan pc, bertram s, kurland m, graham d, dietrich a. Its important to be screened for postpartum depression any time mood disturbances are severe or last longer than two weeks after birth. Postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and effici ent way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. Chaudron lh, szilagyi pg, tang w, anson e, talbot nl, wadkins him, tu x, wisner kl. By far the most widely used instrument in postpartum depression studies and for populationbased screening is the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. Results may be included in patient files to assist you in setting up a treatment goal, determining degree of. Two of the assessments are available in spanish the cesd and epds. Psychometric properties of the postpartum depression. Exploring the postpartum adjustment questionnaire as a. The nys medicaid program will provide reimbursement for postpartum maternal depression screening and referral for diagnosis and treatment. Early identification and treatment by primary care clinicians or mental health specialists is essential.
Approximately 400,000 mothers in the united states experience postpartum depression each year. Medical practices should have a referral process and followup protocol for identified cases. Beck and gable determined that pdss cutoffs should be set so as to minimize false negative screens. Accuracy of depression screening tools for identifying postpartum. Mothers who score above are likely to be suffering from a depressive illness of varying severity. A new screening tool, the postpartum depression screening scale pdss, was recently developed and validated by beck and colleagues to help clinicians identify and respond to ppd as early as possible. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd.
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